英语频度副词ALWAYS主观性嬗变的历时研究

作为现代英语中不定期频度副词的代表, always体现了一定的客观意义。然而追溯至十七世纪,always体现为更强的主观意义。本文基于十七世纪至二十世纪的英语语料,考察了always的主观性演化情况,涵盖了 always与人称代词、认知动词和否定算子等语言因素的共现情况。结果发现：从十七世纪到二十世纪always不仅体现出客观化趋势,还出现了范畴分化的现象。这一研究结果对于我们重新认识语言的主观性现象以及意义演化等问题具有一定的参考意义。     

Delaying factors for maternal health service utilization in eastern Ethiopia: A qualitative exploratory study

BackgroundIn Ethiopia, maternal health service utilization is still unacceptably low. The societal and cultural factors that constrain women from attending these services have not yet been sufficiently explored. Using qualitative methods, we aimed to explore the factors that delay maternal health service utilization in eastern Ethiopia.MethodA total of 13 audio-recorded focus group discussions were conducted comprising 88 participants. We conducted separate group discussions with reproductive aged women, mothers-in-law, traditional birth attendants, husbands, and Health Extension Workers to capture their knowledge, practices, feelings, thoughts and attitudes towards maternal health service utilization. The recorded sessions were transcribed into the local language and then translated into English for analysis.ResultThe study identified a number of factors that may delay maternal health service utilization. Factors were grouped using the Three Delays model as a framework. Low level of awareness regarding need, poor involvement of husband, perceived absence of health problems, social power, community misperceptions and cultural restrictions, negative attitudes towards male midwives, acceptance of traditional birth attendants and poor social networking were Delay One factors. Lack of physical accessibility and high transportation costs were categorised as Delay Two factors for skilled birth care attendance. Perceived or experienced poor quality of care were categorised as Delay Three factors for both skilled birth and postnatal care utilization.ConclusionDespite the ongoing government measures to improve maternal health service utilization in Ethiopia, numerous factors continue to contribute to delays in service use, which in turn contribute to high maternal mortality.     

Sexual dysfunction predicts depressive symptoms during the first 2 years postpartum

Background

The association between sexual function and depression has yet to be examined in a prospective cohort study with prolonged postpartum follow-up.

A qualitative case study of a Korean former addict’s existential self‐interpretation and identity transformation

This study explored the case of a former addict, focusing on his existential self‐interpretation and identity transformation process. This study began from the question of whether philosophical processes related to existential self‐interpretation could lead to the formation of the concept of bottoming out and of identity transformation. To answer this question, the study analyzed the case of a male in his mid‐forties who was addicted to drugs for approximately 30 years and has only recently maintained abstinence. The study used the phenomenological approach to determine the meaning drugs held for him in each stage, and what drug‐related identity he had in each stage. Further, this study identified the integrative implications of these meanings in terms of existential self‐interpretation and identity transformation. The four different identities the man identified for the four stages of his life were juvenile delinquent, gang member, half‐gangster, and breadwinner, and the associated meanings drugs had for him during each period were “glue,” “filthy,” “leeches,” and “abstinence,” respectively. Finally, this study elucidated the integration of these meanings through the hermeneutic circle, identified the social welfare implications of the findings, and developed educational recommendations.     

基于心理学视阈下的大学生学习动力不足原因及对策分析

学习动力是指对在校大学生的学习起到指导、调节和强化作用的一种有效系统。当代中国的社会转型期是一个建立在经济转型基础上的整个社会结构深刻变革的时代，物质需要和精神需要都发生深刻嬗变。总体而言，社会转型期大学生的学习动力是充足且积极向上的，但还有部分大学生的学习动力存在不足，与其所处的社会角色和社会责任严重不符。本文试图通过分析当代大学生学习动力不足的现状，进一步探讨大学生学习动力不足的原因和应对对策，以推动大学生学习动力问题研究向深层次发展。     

效果研究的新范式:认知传播学——“后媒介”视阈下的学科构建

认知传播研究可以追溯到媒介环境学派的媒介感知模式的提出，在当下媒介技术高速更迭所带来的社会化转型趋势中，找到了更加契合的社会生态发展空间，在认知科学与传播学的范式融合中完成跨学科的体系重构。认知传播既可作为研究对象，从传播行为的空间视角出发关照主体认知的内在结构和规律，探寻以认知为本质的传播活动的意义和价值；又可作为一种研究方法，将认知科学的研究成果、主体认知的本质规律用于解释传播现象及衡量传播效果。     

Strategic corporate sustainability performance of Chinese state-owned listed firms: A meta-frontier generalized directional distance function approach

Although sustainability recently became a key factor in social science, little progress has been made toward improving the measurement of sustainability performance. This paper proposes composite corporate sustainability performance indicators using a meta-frontier generalized directional distance function. This advanced approach can measure the efficiency of corporate social responsibility activities by benchmarking, while simultaneously considering industrial heterogeneities, using the meta-frontier approach. First, we propose the concept of a meta-frontier generalized directional distance function. Second, several standardized composite indicators related to corporate sustainability performance are developed. The meta-frontier directional distance function is estimated by solving a series of data envelopment analysis models. Chinese state-owned listed enterprises are then empirically examined using the proposed model. We find significant group heterogeneities in terms of corporate sustainability performance. We also derive some policy implications using the empirical results.     

英语教学中的肢体语言

It is important for people to use body language in the communication with others because the communications between people are never depended on oral language. Body language can not only help people wh...     

How Large Are Your G-Values? Try Gosset’s Guinnessometrics When a Little “p” Is Not Enough

Abstract

A crisis of validity has emerged from three related crises of science, that is, the crises of statistical significance and complete randomization, of replication, and of reproducibility. Guinnessometrics takes commonplace assumptions and methods of statistical science and stands them on their head, from little p-values to unstructured Big Data. Guinnessometrics focuses instead on the substantive significance which emerges from a small series of independent and economical yet balanced and repeated experiments. Originally developed and market-tested by William S. Gosset aka “Student” in his job as Head Experimental Brewer at the Guinness Brewery in Dublin, Gosset’s economic and common sense approach to statistical inference and scientific method has been unwisely neglected. In many areas of science and life, the 10 principles of Guinnessometrics or G-values outlined here can help. Other things equal, the larger the G-values, the better the science and judgment. By now a colleague, neighbor, or YouTube junkie has probably shown you one of those wacky psychology experiments in a video involving a gorilla, and testing the limits of human cognition. In one video, a person wearing a gorilla suit suddenly appears on the scene among humans, who are themselves engaged in some ordinary, mundane activity such as passing a basketball. The funny thing is, prankster researchers have discovered, when observers are asked to think about the mundane activity (such as by counting the number of observed passes of a basketball), the unexpected gorilla is frequently unseen (for discussion see Kahneman 2011 Kahneman, D. (2011), Thinking Fast and Slow, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. [Google Scholar]). The gorilla is invisible. People don’t see it.